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Prince
Andrew
found
Barclay
de
Tolly
,
to
whom
he
had
been
assigned
,
on
the
bank
of
the
Drissa
.
As
there
was
not
a
single
town
or
large
village
in
the
vicinity
of
the
camp
,
the
immense
number
of
generals
and
courtiers
accompanying
the
army
were
living
in
the
best
houses
of
the
villages
on
both
sides
of
the
river
,
over
a
radius
of
six
miles
.
Barclay
de
Tolly
was
quartered
nearly
three
miles
from
the
Emperor
.
He
received
Bolkónski
stiffly
and
coldly
and
told
him
in
his
foreign
accent
that
he
would
mention
him
to
the
Emperor
for
a
decision
as
to
his
employment
,
but
asked
him
meanwhile
to
remain
on
his
staff
.
Anatole
Kurágin
,
whom
Prince
Andrew
had
hoped
to
find
with
the
army
,
was
not
there
.
He
had
gone
to
Petersburg
,
but
Prince
Andrew
was
glad
to
hear
this
.
His
mind
was
occupied
by
the
interests
of
the
center
that
was
conducting
a
gigantic
war
,
and
he
was
glad
to
be
free
for
a
while
from
the
distraction
caused
by
the
thought
of
Kurágin
.
During
the
first
four
days
,
while
no
duties
were
required
of
him
,
Prince
Andrew
rode
round
the
whole
fortified
camp
and
,
by
the
aid
of
his
own
knowledge
and
by
talks
with
experts
,
tried
to
form
a
definite
opinion
about
it
.
But
the
question
whether
the
camp
was
advantageous
or
disadvantageous
remained
for
him
undecided
.
Already
from
his
military
experience
and
what
he
had
seen
in
the
Austrian
campaign
,
he
had
come
to
the
conclusion
that
in
war
the
most
deeply
considered
plans
have
no
significance
and
that
all
depends
on
the
way
unexpected
movements
of
the
enemy
--
that
can
not
be
foreseen
--
are
met
,
and
on
how
and
by
whom
the
whole
matter
is
handled
.
To
clear
up
this
last
point
for
himself
,
Prince
Andrew
,
utilizing
his
position
and
acquaintances
,
tried
to
fathom
the
character
of
the
control
of
the
army
and
of
the
men
and
parties
engaged
in
it
,
and
he
deduced
for
himself
the
following
of
the
state
of
affairs
.
While
the
Emperor
had
still
been
at
Vílna
,
the
forces
had
been
divided
into
three
armies
.
First
,
the
army
under
Barclay
de
Tolly
,
secondly
,
the
army
under
Bagratión
,
and
thirdly
,
the
one
commanded
by
Tormásov
.
The
Emperor
was
with
the
first
army
,
but
not
as
commander
in
chief
.
In
the
orders
issued
it
was
stated
,
not
that
the
Emperor
would
take
command
,
but
only
that
he
would
be
with
the
army
.
The
Emperor
,
moreover
,
had
with
him
not
a
commander
in
chief
's
staff
but
the
imperial
headquarters
staff
.
In
attendance
on
him
was
the
head
of
the
imperial
staff
,
Quartermaster
General
Prince
Volkónski
,
as
well
as
generals
,
imperial
aides-de-camp
,
diplomatic
officials
,
and
a
large
number
of
foreigners
,
but
not
the
army
staff
.
Besides
these
,
there
were
in
attendance
on
the
Emperor
without
any
definite
appointments
:
Arakchéev
,
the
ex-Minister
of
War
;
Count
Bennigsen
,
the
senior
general
in
rank
;
the
Grand
Duke
Tsarévich
Constantine
Pávlovich
;
Count
Rumyántsev
,
the
Chancellor
;
Stein
,
a
former
Prussian
minister
;
Armfeldt
,
a
Swedish
general
;
Pfuel
,
the
chief
author
of
the
plan
of
campaign
;
Paulucci
,
an
adjutant
general
and
Sardinian
émigré
;
Wolzogen
--
and
many
others
.
Though
these
men
had
no
military
appointment
in
the
army
,
their
position
gave
them
influence
,
and
often
a
corps
commander
,
or
even
the
commander
in
chief
,
did
not
know
in
what
capacity
he
was
questioned
by
Bennigsen
,
the
Grand
Duke
,
Arakchéev
,
or
Prince
Volkónski
,
or
was
given
this
or
that
advice
and
did
not
know
whether
a
certain
order
received
in
the
form
of
advice
emanated
from
the
man
who
gave
it
or
from
the
Emperor
and
whether
it
had
to
be
executed
or
not
.
But
this
was
only
the
external
condition
;
the
essential
significance
of
the
presence
of
the
Emperor
and
of
all
these
people
,
from
a
courtier
's
point
of
view
(
and
in
an
Emperor
's
vicinity
all
became
courtiers
)
,
was
clear
to
everyone
.
It
was
this
:
the
Emperor
did
not
assume
the
title
of
commander
in
chief
,
but
disposed
of
all
the
armies
;
the
men
around
him
were
his
assistants
.
Arakchéev
was
a
faithful
custodian
to
enforce
order
and
acted
as
the
sovereign
's
bodyguard
.
Bennigsen
was
a
landlord
in
the
Vílna
province
who
appeared
to
be
doing
the
honors
of
the
district
,
but
was
in
reality
a
good
general
,
useful
as
an
adviser
and
ready
at
hand
to
replace
Barclay
.
The
Grand
Duke
was
there
because
it
suited
him
to
be
.
The
ex-Minister
Stein
was
there
because
his
advice
was
useful
and
the
Emperor
Alexander
held
him
in
high
esteem
personally
.
Armfeldt
virulently
hated
Napoleon
and
was
a
general
full
of
self-confidence
,
a
quality
that
always
influenced
Alexander
.
Paulucci
was
there
because
he
was
bold
and
decided
in
speech
.
The
adjutants
general
were
there
because
they
always
accompanied
the
Emperor
,
and
lastly
and
chiefly
Pfuel
was
there
because
he
had
drawn
up
the
plan
of
campaign
against
Napoleon
and
,
having
induced
Alexander
to
believe
in
the
efficacy
of
that
plan
,
was
directing
the
whole
business
of
the
war
.
With
Pfuel
was
Wolzogen
,
who
expressed
Pfuel
's
thoughts
in
a
more
comprehensible
way
than
Pfuel
himself
(
who
was
a
harsh
,
bookish
theorist
,
self-confident
to
the
point
of
despising
everyone
else
)
was
able
to
do
.
Besides
these
Russians
and
foreigners
who
propounded
new
and
unexpected
ideas
every
day
--
especially
the
foreigners
,
who
did
so
with
a
boldness
characteristic
of
people
employed
in
a
country
not
their
own
--
there
were
many
secondary
personages
accompanying
the
army
because
their
principals
were
there
.
Among
the
opinions
and
voices
in
this
immense
,
restless
,
brilliant
,
and
proud
sphere
,
Prince
Andrew
noticed
the
following
sharply
defined
subdivisions
of
tendencies
and
parties
:
The
first
party
consisted
of
Pfuel
and
his
adherents
--
military
theorists
who
believed
in
a
science
of
war
with
immutable
laws
--
laws
of
oblique
movements
,
outflankings
,
and
so
forth
.
Pfuel
and
his
adherents
demanded
a
retirement
into
the
depths
of
the
country
in
accordance
with
precise
laws
defined
by
a
pseudo-theory
of
war
,
and
they
saw
only
barbarism
,
ignorance
,
or
evil
intention
in
every
deviation
from
that
theory
.
To
this
party
belonged
the
foreign
nobles
,
Wolzogen
,
Wintzingerode
,
and
others
,
chiefly
Germans
.
The
second
party
was
directly
opposed
to
the
first
;
one
extreme
,
as
always
happens
,
was
met
by
representatives
of
the
other
.
The
members
of
this
party
were
those
who
had
demanded
an
advance
from
Vílna
into
Poland
and
freedom
from
all
prearranged
plans
.
Besides
being
advocates
of
bold
action
,
this
section
also
represented
nationalism
,
which
made
them
still
more
one-sided
in
the
dispute
.
They
were
Russians
:
Bagratión
,
Ermólov
(
who
was
beginning
to
come
to
the
front
)
,
and
others
.
At
that
time
a
famous
joke
of
Ermólov
's
was
being
circulated
,
that
as
a
great
favor
he
had
petitioned
the
Emperor
to
make
him
a
German
.
The
men
of
that
party
,
remembering
Suvórov
,
said
that
what
one
had
to
do
was
not
to
reason
,
or
stick
pins
into
maps
,
but
to
fight
,
beat
the
enemy
,
keep
him
out
of
Russia
,
and
not
let
the
army
get
discouraged
.
