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Ermólov
,
Milorádovich
,
Plátov
,
and
others
in
proximity
to
the
French
near
Vyázma
could
not
resist
their
desire
to
cut
off
and
break
up
two
French
corps
,
and
by
way
of
reporting
their
intention
to
Kutúzov
they
sent
him
a
blank
sheet
of
paper
in
an
envelope
.
And
try
as
Kutúzov
might
to
restrain
the
troops
,
our
men
attacked
,
trying
to
bar
the
road
.
Infantry
regiments
,
we
are
told
,
advanced
to
the
attack
with
music
and
with
drums
beating
,
and
killed
and
lost
thousands
of
men
.
But
they
did
not
cut
off
or
overthrow
anybody
and
the
French
army
,
closing
up
more
firmly
at
the
danger
,
continued
,
while
steadily
melting
away
,
to
pursue
its
fatal
path
to
Smolénsk
.
The
Battle
of
Borodinó
,
with
the
occupation
of
Moscow
that
followed
it
and
the
flight
of
the
French
without
further
conflicts
,
is
one
of
the
most
instructive
phenomena
in
history
.
All
historians
agree
that
the
external
activity
of
states
and
nations
in
their
conflicts
with
one
another
is
expressed
in
wars
,
and
that
as
a
direct
result
of
greater
or
less
success
in
war
the
political
strength
of
states
and
nations
increases
or
decreases
.
Strange
as
may
be
the
historical
account
of
how
some
king
or
emperor
,
having
quarreled
with
another
,
collects
an
army
,
fights
his
enemy
's
army
,
gains
a
victory
by
killing
three
,
five
,
or
ten
thousand
men
,
and
subjugates
a
kingdom
and
an
entire
nation
of
several
millions
,
all
the
facts
of
history
(
as
far
as
we
know
it
)
confirm
the
truth
of
the
statement
that
the
greater
or
lesser
success
of
one
army
against
another
is
the
cause
,
or
at
least
an
essential
indication
,
of
an
increase
or
decrease
in
the
strength
of
the
nation
--
even
though
it
is
unintelligible
why
the
defeat
of
an
army
--
a
hundredth
part
of
a
nation
--
should
oblige
that
whole
nation
to
submit
.
An
army
gains
a
victory
,
and
at
once
the
rights
of
the
conquering
nation
have
increased
to
the
detriment
of
the
defeated
.
An
army
has
suffered
defeat
,
and
at
once
a
people
loses
its
rights
in
proportion
to
the
severity
of
the
reverse
,
and
if
its
army
suffers
a
complete
defeat
the
nation
is
quite
subjugated
.
So
according
to
history
it
has
been
found
from
the
most
ancient
times
,
and
so
it
is
to
our
own
day
.
All
Napoleon
's
wars
serve
to
confirm
this
rule
.
In
proportion
to
the
defeat
of
the
Austrian
army
Austria
loses
its
rights
,
and
the
rights
and
the
strength
of
France
increase
.
The
victories
of
the
French
at
Jena
and
Auerstädt
destroy
the
independent
existence
of
Prussia
.
But
then
,
in
1812
,
the
French
gain
a
victory
near
Moscow
.
Moscow
is
taken
and
after
that
,
with
no
further
battles
,
it
is
not
Russia
that
ceases
to
exist
,
but
the
French
army
of
six
hundred
thousand
,
and
then
Napoleonic
France
itself
.
To
strain
the
facts
to
fit
the
rules
of
history
:
to
say
that
the
field
of
battle
at
Borodinó
remained
in
the
hands
of
the
Russians
,
or
that
after
Moscow
there
were
other
battles
that
destroyed
Napoleon
's
army
,
is
impossible
.
After
the
French
victory
at
Borodinó
there
was
no
general
engagement
nor
any
that
were
at
all
serious
,
yet
the
French
army
ceased
to
exist
.
What
does
this
mean
?
If
it
were
an
example
taken
from
the
history
of
China
,
we
might
say
that
it
was
not
an
historic
phenomenon
(
which
is
the
historians
'
usual
expedient
when
anything
does
not
fit
their
standards
)
;
if
the
matter
concerned
some
brief
conflict
in
which
only
a
small
number
of
troops
took
part
,
we
might
treat
it
as
an
exception
;
but
this
event
occurred
before
our
fathers
'
eyes
,
and
for
them
it
was
a
question
of
the
life
or
death
of
their
fatherland
,
and
it
happened
in
the
greatest
of
all
known
wars
.
